3 Results
3.3 Various dietary patterns prevalent among adults and their correlation with Obesity rates
From the Questions of Interest list, We will analyze the third question: What dietary patterns are prevalent among adults, and how do these patterns correlate with obesity rates?
To analyze this research interest, we have taken the question, ‘Percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who have obesity’; we will combine different food habits (both Fruit and vegetables) by Race, Income, Education, and age.
First, focus on Fruits
There is a positive relationship visible by Race. It means the people who consume the least amount of fruit are obese.
There is a positive relationship visible by Income. It means the people taking the least amount of fruit are obese.
There is a positive relationship visible by education. It means the people taking the least amount of fruit are obese.
There is a weak positive relationship visible by the scatterplot when we are using “Percent of adults who report consuming fruit less than once daily by age” and “Percent of adults aged 18 years and older who have obesity by age”. This implies that when there is an increase in the percentage of adults who report consuming fruit less than one time daily by age, then there will also be an increase.
This makes a lot of sense. By using all the factors (race, income, education, age), people who consume the least amount of fruit should be more obese.
Now let’s focus on vegetables!
There is a positive relationship visible by Race. It means the people who eat the least amount of vegetables are obese.
There is a positive relationship visible by Income. It means the people who eat the least amount of vegetables are obese.
There is a positive relationship visible by Education. It means the people who eat the least amount of vegetables are obese.
So, When we are considering vegetable with obesity, we can say people who eat the least amount of vegetables are obese.
Now let’s analyze the question by location for Fruit!
There is a clear positive relation between Percent of adults aged 18 years and older who have obesity and the percentage of adults who report consuming fruit less than one time daily by region.
Now let’s analyze the question by location for Vegetable!
On the other hand, no relationship is visible between the percentage of adults aged 18 years and older who are obese and the percentage of adults who report consuming vegetables less than once daily.
Now, let’s analyze the same thing using maps!!!
Percent of adults who report consuming fruit less than one time daily [45.9 to 48.7] are mostly from OK (Oklahoma), AR (Arkansas), LA (Louisiana), MS (Mississippi), AL (Alabama), TN(Tennessee), WV(West Virginia).
The percentage of adults who report consuming fruit less than one time daily is the least (33.2 to 36.2] from the below states: OR (Oregon), IL (Illinois), VT (Vermont), MT (Montana), MA (Massachusetts), ID (Idaho), DC (District of Columbia), ME (Maine).
The black-marked zone is for the people from certain areas who didn’t respond to this question.
Percent of adults who report consuming vegetables less than once time daily [45.9 to 48.7] are mostly from ND (North Dakota), IA (Lowa), NV(Nevada), CA (California), TX (Texas), LA (Louisiana), MS (Mississippi)
Percent of adults who report consuming vegetables less than one time daily is the least (33.2 to 36.2] from the below states: ME (Maine) The black-marked zone is for the people from certain areas who didn’t respond to this question.
So, different states have a geographical contrast regarding having more/ less vegetables/fruits.
3.4 Are there discernible patterns in weight status changes over time, and what factors contribute to shifts in obesity rates?
From the Questions of Interest list, we will analyze the last question: Are there discernible patterns in weight status changes over time, and what factors contribute to shifts in obesity rates?
We are going to use Timeseries for this question of interest. And keep the time at the x-axis for each case. Also, we keep the obesity question constant. But we will check through all the factors: Race, Income, Education, and finally, Age.
Likewise, in all the categories like Income, Education, and Age, an increasing trend is visible over the years by Race. Among the different kinds of Race, Non-Hispanic Black exhibit the highest percentage of obesity, whereas Asian carries the lowest percentage of obesity. (We got the same information from Barplot as well.)
Moreover, there has been a significant growth in the percentage of obesity from 2011 to 2021. The group of people who are earning the least (less than $15,000) carry the maximum percentage of obesity, and the group of people who make the most ($75,000 or greater) hold the minimum percentage of obesity. (We got the same information from Barplot as well).
Like the Income Category, a clear increasing trend is visible over the years among different levels of educated people. The least educated group (those less than high school) has the highest percentage of obesity over the year. On the other hand, the most educated group (college graduates) has the lowest percentage of obesity over the year. (Exactly same information we got from barplot as well)
A clear increasing trend is visible over the year among all groups of people by Age. People whose Age is between the mid-40s and mid-50s show the highest percentage of obesity. On the other hand, the youngest group of people (18 to 24) shows the lowest percentage of obesity. (We got the same information from Barplot as well.)
Conclusion for this question: Overall, there has been an increase in the obesity rate over the years. If we consider the education and income factors, then least earned and least-educated people exhibit the highest percentage of obesity. On the other hand, most and most educated people show the least amount of obesity. Now. Among the youngest adults, the obesity rate is very high. So, we can establish that young people are neither the richest nor the most educated (supporting evidence from our early analysis).